1816

Year '1816' ('MDCCCXVI') was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). This year was known as The Year Without a Summer because of globally low temperatures.

Contents

Events of 1816

January - March

April - June

July - September

October - December

Undated

Births

January - June

July - December

Deaths

January - June

July - December

Events of 1816

January - March

★ The Chinese New Year of the Fire Rat begins in January.

★ Known as the "Year Without A Summer" or "Eighteen-hundred-and-froze-to-death" in the northern hemisphere due to global cooling caused by the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption that had occurred in 1815.

★ January 9 - Sir Humphry Davy tested the Davy lamp for Miners at Hebburn Colliery.

★ February 12 - Fire nearly destroyed the city of St. John's, Newfoundland.

★ February 20 - Gioachino Rossini's ''The Barber of Seville'' debuts at Teatro Argentina, with a ''fiasco''.

★ March 22 - A post office is established near the falls of the Tar River in eastern Nash County, North Carolina and named Rocky Mount for a rocky mound at the base of the falls. The area grows slowly and is not incorporated until 1867.

★ March 23 - Emancipation from serfdom in Estonia.

★ March 25 - Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck dies and is succeeded by the later Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, his son and founder of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.

April - June

★ April 11 - In Philadelphia, the African Methodist Episcopal Church is established by Richard Allen and other African-American Methodists, the first such denomination completely independent of White churches.

★ May 2 - Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, later King of the Belgians, marries Charlotte Augusta, but she dies the next year.

★ June 19 - Battle of Seven Oaks between Hudson Bay and Northwest fur-trading companies, near Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

July - September

★ July 9 - Argentina gains independence from Spain

★ July 17 - The French passenger ship ''Medusa'' runs aground off the coast of Senegal, with 140 lives lost in the botched rescue that takes weeks, leading to a scandal in the French government.

★ August 24 - The Treaty of St. Louis is signed in St. Louis, Missouri.

★ August 27 - Bombardment of Algiers

October - December

★ November - James Monroe defeats Rufus King in U.S. presidential election.

★ December 11 - Indiana is admitted as the 19th U.S. state.

Undated

★ Tsultrim Gyatso becomes the 10th Dalai Lama.

★ The British found Banjul, The Gambia.

★ A British expedition explores up from the mouth of the Congo River.

★ In France, René Laennec (1781-1826) invents the stethoscope.

★ First known cultivation of the cranberry.

★ Alexander D. Campbell and Francis W. Ellis first describe the Dravidian languages.

★ The Second Bank of the United States is founded.

★ E. Remington and Sons is founded.

★ Buffalo, New York is incorporated.

★ Beau Brummell flees England to escape gambling debts.

★ Large-scale slave insurrection in Barbados - one white and 176 slaves killed and 214 executed afterwards

★ Divorce annulled in France

★ The Senate of Finland is established

★ Aleksandrów Łódzki founded by Rafał Bratoszewski

Births

January - June

★ March 14 - William Marsh Rice, American university founder (d. 1900)

★ April 21 - Charlotte Brontë, British novelist (d. 1855)

★ April 22 - Charles Denis Bourbaki, French general (d. 1897)

★ April 25 - Eliza Daniel Stewart, American temperance movement leader (d. ?)

★ May 24 - Emanuel Leutze, American painter (d. 1868)

★ June 19 - William Henry Webb, American industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1899)

★ June 30 - Richard Lindon, Inventor of the Rugby Ball, the India-rubber inflatable bladder, the Brass Hand Pump for the same (d. 1887)

July - December

★ July 4 - Arthur de Gobineau, French diplomat and author (d. 1882)

★ July 23 - Charlotte Cushman, American stage actress (d. 1876)

★ July 31 - George Henry Thomas, American general (d. 1870)

★ August 4 - William Julian Albert, U.S. Congressman (d. 1879)

★ August 16 - Charles John Vaughan, English scholar (d. 1897)

★ November 17 - August Wilhelm Ambros, Austrian composer (d. 1876)

★ December 13 - Werner von Siemens, German inventor and industrialist (d. 1892)

★ ''date unknown'' - Francis Dutton, Premier of South Australia (d. 1877)
: ''See also .''

Deaths

January - June

★ January 27 - Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, British admiral (b. 1724)

★ February 6 - Maria Ludwika Rzewuska, Polish szlachcianka (b. 1744)

★ February 22 - Adam Ferguson, Scottish philosopher and historian (b. 1723)

★ March 20 - Queen Maria I of Portugal (b. 1734)

★ June 5 - Giovanni Paisiello, Italian composer (b. 1751)

★ June 12 - Pierre Augereau, Marshal of France and duc de Castiglione (b. 1757)

July - December

★ July 5 - Dorothy Jordan, Irish actress, mistress of King William IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1761)

★ July 7 - Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright (b. 1751)

★ September 27 - Edward Charles Howard, British chemist and chemical engineer (b. 1774)

★ November 8 - Gouverneur Morris, American statesman (b. 1752)

★ December 15 - Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope, English statesman and scientist (b. 1753)
: ''See also .''