1800

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''For the toll-free telephone number see Toll-free telephone number''
Year '1800 (MDCCC)' was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Sunday
^[1]
of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, , but 12 days ahead since Saturday, .

Contents

Events of 1800

January - March

April - June

July - September

October - December

Undated

Ongoing events

Births

January-June

July - December

Deaths

January-June

July-December

Notes

Events of 1800

★ World population was nearing 1 billion people, at 978 million. The 1 billion milestone will not be accomplished until 2 years later, in 1802. The population distribution by region:

★
★ Africa: 107,000,000

★
★ Asia: 635,000,000

★
★
★ China:300-400,000,000 ^[2]

★
★ Europe: 203,000,000

★
★ Latin-America: 24,000,000

★
★ Northern America: 7,000,000

★
★ Oceania: 2,000,000

January - March

★ February - Foundation of the Bank of France

★ March 14 - Pope Pius VII (Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti) succeeds Pope Pius VI as the 251st pope.

★ March 21 - Pius VII is ordained.

April - June

★ April 24 - U.S. Library of Congress founded.

★ May 5 - Great Britain passes the Act of Union to join Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom to take effect on 1 January 1801. The act is signed by King George III in August.

★ May 15 - Napoleon Bonaparte crosses the Alps and invades Italy.

★ June 2 - First smallpox vaccination in North America, at Trinity, Newfoundland.

★ June 14 - Battle of Marengo, Napoleon defeats the Austrian troops near Marengo, Italy.

★ June 27 - Pascha Jussuf Karamanli of Tripoli declares war on Sweden by having the flagpole on the consulate chopped down.

July - September

★ September 5 - At the invitation of the Maltese, British troops liberate the Islands of Malta and Gozo from the French.

★ September 20 - Treaty of Mortefontaine signed between France, Britain, and the United States of America, ending the Quasi War.

October - December

★ November 1 - U.S. President John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the White House).

★ November 1 - Middlebury College is granted its charter by the Vermont General Assembly

★ November 17 - The U.S. Congress holds its first Washington, D.C. session.

★ December 3 - Battle of Hohenlinden, the French army defeats the Austrian troops.

★ December 24 - An assault on Napoleon Bonaparte fails in Paris.

★ December 24 - Pierre Coudrin and Henriette Aymer de la Chevalerie found the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary in Paris.

Undated

★ Invention of the voltaic pile by Alessandro Volta: the first chemical battery.

★ The infrared radiation is discovered by Wilhelm Herschel.

★ Electrolysis of water is discovered by Anthony Carlisle and William Nicholson by passing a voltaic current through water, generating hydrogen and oxygen.

★ The Althing of Iceland, the world's oldest parliament, is abolished.

★ Convention of 1800 occurs.

★ Thomas Jefferson beats John Adams in U.S. election.

★ Downing College, Cambridge founded

Ongoing events

★ French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802)-Second Coalition/Egyptian Campaign

★ Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)-Second Coalition/Egyptian Campaign

Births

January-June

★ January 1 - Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere (died 1857)

★ January 6 - Anna Maria Hall, Irish writer (died 1889)

★ January 7 - Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States (died 1874)

★ January 11 - Anyos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist, the inventor of the Dynamo (1895)

★ January 12 - George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, English diplomat and statesman (died 1870)

★ January 14 - Ludwig von Köchel, Austrian musicologist (died 1877)

★ January 17 - Caleb Cushing, American statesman and diplomat (died 1879)

★ January 24 - Edwin Chadwick, English social reformer (died 1890)

★ January 26

★
★ Johann Gerhard Oncken, German Baptist preacher (died 1884)

★
★ Elizabeth Ann Whitney, Mormon leader (died 1882)

★ January 27 - John Evelyn Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington, English statesman (died 1875)

★ February 1 - Brian Houghton Hodgson, English civil servant (died 1894)

★ felix mendelson

★ February 6 - Achille Devéria, French painter and lithographer (died 1857)

★ February 9

★
★ Hyrum Smith, American religious leader (died 1844)

★
★ Joseph von Führich, Austrian painter (died 1876)

★ February 11 - William Fox Talbot, English photographic pioneer (died 1877)

★ February 12 - John Edward Gray, British zoologist (died 1875)

★ February 23 - William Jardine, Scottish naturalist (died 1874)

★ February 26

★
★ Lucius Lyon, U.S. statesman (died 1851)

★
★ John Baptist Purcell, U.S. (Irish-born) archbishop (died 1883)

★ March 2 - Evgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet (died 1844)

★ March 3 - Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist and paleontologist (died 1862)

★ March 4 - William Price, British physician and eccentric (died 1893)

★
★ Victor Aimé Huber, German social reformer (died 1869)

★
★ George Hudson, English railway financier (died 1871)

★ March 12 - Louis Prosper Gachard, Belgian man of letters (died 1885)

★ March 13 - Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Turkish statesman and diplomat

★ March 16 - Emperor Ninko of Japan (died 1846)

★ March 17 - Rudolf Ewald Stier, German Protestant churchman and mystic (died 1862)

★ March 20 - Gottfried Bernhardy, German philologist and literary historian (died 1875)

★ March 25

★
★ Alexis Paulin Paris, French scholar and author (died 1881)

★
★ Ernst Heinrich Karl von Dechen, German geologist and mineralogist (died 1889)

★ March 28 - Johann Georg Wagler, German herpetologist (died 1832)

★ April 2 - Andrzej Artur Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (died 1874)

★ April 4 - Tokugawa Nariaki, Japanese daimyo of Mito (died 1860)

★ April 15 - James Clark Ross, British naval officer and explorer (died 1862)

★ April 16

★
★ Jakob Heine, German orthopaedist (died 1879)

★
★ George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan, British soldier (died 1888)

★ April 29 - Hiram Cronk, last surviving veteran of the War of 1812 (died 1905)

★ May 1 - James Black, creator of the original Bowie knife (died 1870)

★ May 5 - Louis Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (died 1864)

★ May 6 - Roman Sanguszko, Polish noble (died 1881)

★ May 8 - Armand Carrel, French writer (died 1836)

★ May 9

★
★ John Brown, American abolitionist (died 1859)

★
★ Samuel Carter Hall, English journalist (died 1889)

★ May 30 - Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach, German geometer (died 1827)

★ June 1 - Charles Fremantle, Royal Navy officer (died 1869)

★ June 2 - Nicholas P. Trist, secretary to Andrew Jackson (died 1874)

★ June 3 - Gustaw Potworowski, Polish activist (died 1860)

★ June 17 - William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, Irish astronomer (died 1867)

★ June 23 - Karol Marcinkowski, Polish physician and social activist (died 1846)

★ June 30 - Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (died 1873)

July - December

★ July 14 - Jean-Baptiste Dumas, French chemist (died 1884)

★ July 19 - Juan José Flores, first president of Ecuador (died 1864)

★ July 22

★
★ Jakob Lorber, German Christian mystic (died 1864)

★
★ Robert McCormick, British Royal Navy surgeon (died 1890)

★ July 31

★
★ Robert L. Caruthers, Confederate governor of Tennessee (died 1882)

★
★ Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist (died 1882)

★ August 4 - Hercules L. Dousman, American trader and financier (died 1868)

★ August 5 - Ramón María Narváez y Campos, 1st Duke of Valencia, Spanish soldier and statesman (died 1868)

★ August 10 - Otto August Rosenberger, German astronomer (died 1890)

★ August 12

★
★ Jean-Jacques Ampère, French philologist (died 1864)

★
★ Ugo Bassi, Italian patriot (died 1849)

★ August 13 - Ippolito Rosellini, Italian Egyptologist (died 1843)

★ August 19

★
★ Buckner Stith Morris, mayor of Chicago (died 1879)

★
★ James Lenox, American bibliophile and philanthropist (died 1880)

★ August 21 - Hiram Walden, American politician (died 1880)

★ August 22

★
★ Edward Barron Chandler, American politician (died 1880)

★
★ William S. Harney, U.S. general (died 1889)

★
★ Edward Bouverie Pusey, English churchman (died 1882)

★ August 25 - Karl Hase, German Protestant theologian and Church historian (died 1890)

★ September 6 - Catharine Beecher, American educator (died 1878)

★ September 11 - Daniel S. Dickinson, Confederate admiral (died 1866)

★ September 12

★
★ Pierre St. Amant, leading French chess master (died 1872)

★
★ William Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 5th Duke of Portland (died 1879)

★ September 13

★
★ Franklin Buchanan, officer in the U.S. Navy who became an admiral in the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War (died 1874)

★
★ David Stewart, American politician (died 1858)

★ September 15 - Paul Friedrich, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (died 1842)

★ September 19 - William McKean, admiral in the United States Navy (died 1865)

★ September 20

★
★ John Pascoe Grenfell, British admiral of the Brazilian Navy (died 1869)

★
★ Benjamin Franklin White, American singing master (died 1879)

★ September 22

★
★ George Bentham, English botanist (died 1884)

★
★ Thomas Holloway, English pharmacist and philanthropist (died 1883)

★ September 23 - William Holmes McGuffey, American professor who created the McGuffey Readers (died 1873)

★ September 30 - Decimus Burton, prolific English architect and garden designer (died 1881)

★ October 1 - Lars Levi Laestadius, Swedish Lutheran pastor of Sami ancestry (died 1861)

★ October 2 - Nat Turner, American slave rebel (died 1831)

★ October 3 - George Bancroft, American historian and statesman (died 1891)

★ October 8 - Jules Desnoyers, French geologist and archaeologist (died 1887)

★ October 18 - Henry Taylor, English dramatist (died 1886)

★ October 22 - Christian Lassen, German orientalist (died 1876)

★ October 23 - Henri Milne-Edwards, French zoologist (died 1885)

★ October 25

★
★ Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, British poet (died 1859)

★
★ Jacques Paul Migne, French priest, theologian, and publisher (died 1875)

★ October 26 - Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, German field marshal (died 1891)

★ October 27 - Benjamin Wade, U.S. lawyer and politician (died 1878)

★ November 4

★
★ Edwin Waller, American entrepreneur (died 1881)

★
★ George Long, English classical scholar (died 1879)

★ November 17 - Achille Fould, French financier and politician (died 1867)

★ November 18 - John Nelson Darby, British evangelist (died 1882)

★ November 22 - Linn Boyd, U.S. politician (died 1859)

★ December 1 - Mihály Vörösmarty, Hungarian poet (died 1855)

★ December 3 - France Prešeren, Slovenian poet (died 1849)

★ December 4

★
★ Emil Aarestrup, Danish erotic poet (died 1856)

★
★ William Fenwick Williams, British military (died 1883)

★ December 5 - Thomas Ford, governor of Illinois (died 1850)

★ December 7 - Giuseppe Gené, Italian naturalist and author (died 1847)

★ December 20 - Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax, English statesman (died 1885)

★ December 25 - John Phillips, English geologist (died 1874)

★ December 27 - John Goss, English organist and composer (died 1880)

★ December 29 - Charles Goodyear, American rubber magnate (died 1860)

★ ''date unknown

★
★ Elias Boudinot, Cherokee who started and edited the tribe's first newspaper (died 1839)

★
★ John McLeod Campbell, Scottish churchman (died 1872)

★
★ Martín Perfecto de Cos, Mexican general (died 1854)

★
★ James Glynn, United States Navy officer (died 1871)

★
★ Edwin Guest, English antiquary (died 1880)

★
★ Frederick Yeates Hurlstone, English painter (died 1869)

★
★ Thomas Henry Lister, English novelist (died 1842)

★
★ William Simson, Scottish painter (died 1847)

★
★ Harriet Smithson, Irish actress (died 1854)

★
★ Jacob Westervelt, American shipbuilder and mayor of New York (died 1856)

★ ''probable''

★
★ Richard Lawrence, attempted assassin of Andrew Jackson (died 1861)

★
★ William Nicholson, officer in the United States Navy (died 1872)
: ''See also .''

Deaths

January-June

★ January 1 - Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton, French naturalist (born 1716)

★ January 6

★
★ William Jones, English divine (born 1726)

★
★ Baron von Riedesel, German soldier (born 1738)

★ January 9 - Jean Étienne Championnet, French general (born 1762)

★ January 13 - Dempsey Burges, Republican U.S. Congressman (born 1751)

★ January 20 - Thomas Mifflin, fifth President of the United States in Congress assembled under the Articles of Confederation (born 1744)

★ January 22 - George Steevens, English Shakespearean commentator (born 1736)

★ January 23 - Edward Rutledge, U.S. statesman (born 1749)

★ February 2 - James C. Jarvis, United States Navy officer (born 1787)

★ February 23 - Joseph Warton, English academic and literary critic (born 1722)

★ March - Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (born 1721)

★ March 1 - John Hazelwood, officer in the Continental Navy (born 1726)

★ March 14 - Daines Barrington, English naturalist (born 1727)

★ March 21 - William Blount, U.S. statesman (born 1749)

★ March 29 - Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, French military engineer and writer (born 1714)

★ April 13 - Kazimierz Poniatowski, Polish nobleman (born 1721)

★ April 25

★
★ Ezekiel Cornell, Continental Congressman from Rhode Island (born 1732)

★
★ William Cowper, English poet (born 1731)

★ May 4 - Armand, duc d'Aiguillon (born 1750)

★ May 7 - Niccola Piccinni, Italian composer (born 1728)

★ May 18 - Alexander Suvorov, Count of Rymnik (born 1729)

★ June 14

★
★ Louis Charles Antoine Desaix, French military leader (killed in battle) (born 1768)

★
★ Jean Baptiste Kléber, French general (assassinated) (born 1753)

★ June 20 - Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician (born 1719)

★ June 24 - Charles Stewart, American revolutionary (born 1729)

★ June 28 - Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne, Grenadier officer in the French army (born 1743)

★ June 30 - Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney, British politician (born 1732)

July-December

★ July 14 - Lorenzo Mascheroni, Italian mathematician (born 1750)

★ July 18 - John Rutledge, governor of South Carolina (born 1739)

★ August 24 - Rawlins Lowndes, American lawyer and jurist (born 1721)

★ August 25 - Elizabeth Montagu, English literary critic (born 1720)

★ August 31 - John Blair, American politician (born 1732)

★ September 2 - Maciej Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman (born 1749)

★ September 26 - William Billings, American choral composer (born 1746)

★ September 27 - William Gibbons, American lawyer and revolutionary (born 1726)

★ September 29 - Michael Denis, Austrian poet (born 1729)

★ October 4 - Johann Hermann, German physician and naturalist (born 1738)

★ October 10 - Gabriel Prosser, African American slave and revolutionary (born 1775)

★ October 16 - Benjamin Huntington, American lawyer and politician (born 1736)

★ October 28 - Artemas Ward, American Major General in the American Revolutionary War and a Congressman from Massachusetts (born 1727)

★ November 5 - Jesse Ramsden, English astronomical instrument maker (born 1735)

★ November 14 - François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé, French general (born 1739)

★ November 30 - Matthew Robinson, 2nd Baron Rokeby, English eccentric nobleman (born 1712)

★ December 7 - Wilhelm von Knyphausen, Hessian Lieutenant-General (born 1716)

★ December 17 - William Peery, American farmer and lawyer (born 1743)

★ December 26 - Mary Robinson, English poet (born 1756)

★ December 27 - Hugh Blair, Scottish Presbyterian preacher and man of letters (born 1718)

★ ''date unknown''

★
★ Jean-Baptiste Audebert, French artist and naturalist

★
★ Samuel Barrington, British admiral (born 1729)

★
★ Thomas Conway, Irish soldier (born 1734)

★
★ Henry Cort, English ironmaster

★
★ George Dixon, English sea captain and explorer (born 1755)

★
★ Charles Johnstone, Irish writer (born 1719)

★
★ Aleksander August Zamoyski, Polish nobleman
: ''See also .''

Notes

1.
"Calendar in year 1800 (Russia)" (full Julian calendar), webpage:
Julian-1800
(Russia used the Julian calendar until 1919).

2. Roberts, J: "History of the World.". Penguin, 1994.