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Year '1691' ('MDCXCI') was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).

Contents

Events of 1691

January - June

July - December

Undated

Births

Deaths

Events of 1691

January - June

★ March 5 - French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons

★ March 20 - Leisler's Rebellion - New governor arrives in New York - Jacob Leisler surrenders after standoff of several hours

★ March 29 - Siege of Mons ends to the city’s surrender

★ April 9 - a fire at the Palace of Whitehall in London destroys its Stone Gallery.

★ May 6 - Spanish inquisition condemns and forcibly baptizes 219 Jews in Palma Majorca. When 37 try to escape the island, they are burned alive at the stake

★ May 16 - Jacob Leisler is hanged for treason

July - December

★ July 12 - Pope Innocent XII succeeds Pope Alexander VIII as the 242nd pope.

★ July 12 - Battle of Aughrim in Ireland

★ October 3 - Treaty of Limerick which guaranteed civil rights to Catholics was signed. ''(It was broken "before the ink was dry")''

Undated

★ Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Suleiman II (1687-1691) to Ahmed II (1691-1695).

★ Michel Rolle invents Rolle's theorem, an essential theorem of mathematics.

★ In New England the two separate Colonies of Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth Colony are united into a single entity by an act of the King and Queen of England.

Births

★ February 27 - Edward Cave, English editor and publisher (d. 1754)

★ April 9 - Johann Matthias Gesner, German classical scholar (d. 1761)

★ June 17 - Giovanni Paolo Pannini, Italian painter and architect (d. 1765)

★ September 29 - Richard Challoner, English Catholic prelate (d. 1781)

★ October 1 - Arthur Onslow, English politician (d 1768)

★ October 28 - Peder Tordenskjold, Norwegian naval hero (d. 1720)
: ''See also .''

Deaths

★ Suleiman II, Sultan, Ottoman Empire (b. 1642)

★ January 13 - George Fox, English founder of the Society of Friends (b. 1624)

★ January 17 - Richard Lower, English physician (b. 1631)

★ February 1 - Pope Alexander VIII (b. 1610)

★ April 3 - Jean Petitot, Swiss enamel painter (b. 1608)

★ May 11 - Colonel John Birch, English soldier (b. 1615)

★ May 16 - Jacob Leisler, German-born American colonist (b. 1640)

★ May 23 - Adrien Auzout, French astronomer (b. 1622)

★ May 29 - Cornelis Tromp, Dutch admiral (b. 1629)

★ July 12 - Marquis de St Ruth, killed at the Battle of Aughrim

★ July 16 - François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French war minister (b. 1641)

★ July 30 - Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (b. 1639)

★ August 14 - Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel, Irish rebel (b. 1630)

★ September 12 - John George III, Elector of Saxony (b. 1647)

★ October 9 - William Sacheverell, English statesman (b. 1638)

★ October 10 - Isaac de Benserade, French poet (b. 1613)

★ November 14 - Tosa Mitsuoki, Japanese painter (b. 1617)

★ November 15 - Aelbert Cuyp, Dutch painter (b. 1620)

★ December 8 - Richard Baxter, English clergyman (b. 1615)

★ December 30 - Robert Boyle, Irish chemist (b. 1627)

★ ''probable'' - Elizabeth Polwheele, English playwright (b. ca. 1651)
: ''See also .''