SEPTEMBER 15

(Redirected from 15 September)

Contents

Events

Births

Deaths

Holidays and observances

External links

Events

★ 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse, Italy.

★ 921 - Saint Ludmila is murdered at the command of her daughter-in-law at Tetin.

★ 1556 - Vlissingen ex-emperor Charles V returns to Spain.

★ 1584 - San Lorenzo del Escorial Palace in Madrid is finished.

★ 1616 - The first non-aristocratic, free public school in Europe is opened in Frascati, Italy.

★ 1656 - England and France sign a peace treaty.

★ 1683 - Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded by 13 immigrant families.

★ 1762 - Battle of Signal Hill

★ 1776 - American Revolutionary War: British land at Kip's Bay during the New York Campaign.

★ 1789 - The United States Department of State is established (formerly known as ''Department of Foreign Affairs'').

★ 1812 - The French army under Napoleon reaches the Kremlin in Moscow.

★ 1821 - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua jointly declare independence from Spain.

★ 1830 - The Liverpool to Manchester railway line opens (see also deaths, below).

★ 1831 - The locomotive ''John Bull'' operates for the first time in New Jersey on the Camden and Amboy Railroad.

★ 1835 - The HMS ''Beagle'', with Charles Darwin aboard, reaches the Galápagos Islands.

★ 1851 - Saint Joseph's University is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

★ 1862 - American Civil War: Confederate forces capture Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

★ 1873 - Franco-Prussian War: The last German troops leave France upon completion of payment of indemnity.

★ 1883 - The Bombay Natural History Society is founded in Bombay (now Mumbai), India.

★ 1894 - First Sino-Japanese War: Japan defeats China in the Battle of Pyongyang.

★ 1914 - World War I: The Battle of Aisne begins between Germany and France.

★ 1916 - World War I: Tanks are used for the first time in battle, at the Battle of the Somme.

★ 1917 - First issue of Forbes magazine published.

★ 1928 - Sir Alexander Fleming notices a bacteria-killing mold growing in his laboratory, discovering what later became known as penicillin.

★ 1928 - Tich Freeman becomes the only bowler to take 300 wickets in an English cricket season.

★ 1931 - In Scotland, the two-day Invergordon Mutiny against Royal Navy pay cuts begins.

★ 1935 - Nuremberg Laws deprive German Jews of citizenship.

★ 1935 - Nazi Germany adopts a new national flag with the swastika.

★ 1940 - World War II: The climax of the Battle of Britain, when the Royal Air Force shoot down large numbers of Luftwaffe.

★ 1941 - The U.S. Attorney General rules that the Neutrality Act is not violated when U.S. ships carry war materiel to British territories, opening the door for the Lend-Lease Act.

★ 1942 - World War II: The U.S. aircraft carrier USS ''Wasp'' is torpedoed at Guadalcanal.

★ 1944 - Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meet in Quebec as part of the Octagon Conference to discuss strategy.

★ 1945 - A hurricane in southern Florida and the Bahamas destroys 366 planes and 25 blimps at NAS Richmond.

★ 1946 - The Brooklyn Dodgers are beating the Chicago Cubs, 2-0, in the 5th inning when a swarm of gnats causes the game to be postponed.

★ 1947 - The U.S. Air Force is separated from the US Army to become a separate branch.

★ 1947 - RCA releases the 12AX7 vacuum tube.

★ 1948 - The F-86 Sabre sets the world aircraft speed record at 1080 km/h.

★ 1950 - Korean War: United States forces land at Incheon, Korea.

★ 1952 - United Nations gives Eritrea to Ethiopia.

★ 1954 - The U.S. Postal Service issues its 2¢ Thomas Jefferson ''Liberty Series'' stamp.

★ 1955 - Vladimir Nabokov's ''Lolita'' is published in Paris by Olympia Press.

★ 1957 - West Germany holds its third parliamentary election. Konrad Adenauer remains chancellor.

★ 1958 - A Central Railroad of New Jersey commuter train runs through an open drawbridge at the Newark Bay, killing 58.

★ 1959 - Nikita Khrushchev becomes the first Soviet leader to visit the United States.

★ 1961 - Hurricane Carla strikes Texas with winds of 175 miles per hour.

★ 1962 - The Soviet ship ''Poltava'' heads toward Cuba, one of the events that sets into motion the Cuban Missile Crisis.

★ 1963 - The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing kills four children at an African-American church in Birmingham, Alabama, United States.

★ 1964 - ''The Sun'' newspaper launches, replacing the ''Daily Herald''.

★ 1966 - U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson, responding to a sniper attack at the University of Texas at Austin, writes a letter to the United States Congress urging the enactment of gun control legislation.

★ 1968 - The Soviet ''Zond 5'' spaceship is launched, becoming the first spacecraft to fly around the Moon and re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.

★ 1969 - Major League Baseball: St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Steve Carlton sets a record by striking out 19 New York Mets in a single game.

★ 1972 - A magnitude 4.5 earthquake shakes Northern Illinois.

★ 1972 - An SAS domestic flight from Gothenburg to Stockholm was hijacked and flown to Malmö-Bulltofta Airport.

★ 1974 - Air Vietnam flight 727 is hijacked, then crashes while attempting to land with 75 on board.

★ 1975 - The French department of Corse (the entire island of Corsica) is divided into two: Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud.

★ 1975 - Progressive Rock artists Pink Floyd release ''Wish You Were Here''.

★ 1981 - The United States Senate Judiciary Committee unanimously approves Sandra Day O'Connor to become the first female justice on the United States Supreme Court.

★ 1981 - The John Bull becomes the oldest operable steam locomotive in the world when the Smithsonian Institution operates it under its own power outside Washington, DC.

★ 1981 - Vanuatu becomes a member of the United Nations.

★ 1982 - The first issue of ''USA Today'' is published by Gannett.

★ 1983 - Israeli premier Menachem Begin resigns.

★ 1987 - U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz and Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze sign a treaty to establish centers to reduce the risk of nuclear war.

★ 1989 - The U.S. Congress recognizes Terry Anderson's continued captivity in Beirut.

★ 1990 - France announces it will send 4,000 troops to the Persian Gulf

★ 1993 - Liechtenstein Prince Hans-Adam II disbands parliament.

★ 1997 - Hastings Wise murders four at a lawn mower parts factory in Aiken, South Carolina.

★ 1998 - WorldCom and MCI Communications finish their landmark merger, forming MCI WorldCom which would later be renamed WorldCom and become the largest bankruptcy in United States history.

★ 2004 - NHL commissioner Gary Bettman announced a lockout of the players union and cessation of operations by the NHL head office.

★ 2006 - UPN ceased operations after eleven and a half years. The CW Television Network launched 3 days later.

Births

★ 973 - Al-Biruni, mathematician (d. 1048)

★ 1254 - Marco Polo, Italian explorer (d. 1324)

★ 1580 - Charles Annibal Fabrot, French lawyer (d. 1659)

★ 1613 - François de La Rochefoucauld, French writer (d. 1680)

★ 1649 - Titus Oates, English minister and plotter (d. 1705)

★ 1715 - Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval, French artillery specialist (d. 1789)

★ 1789 - James Fenimore Cooper, American novelist (d. 1851)

★ 1828 - Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov, Russian chemist (d. 1886)

★ 1830 - Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (d. 1915)

★ 1852 - Edward Bouchet, American physicist (d. 1918)

★ 1857 - William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States (d. 1930)

★ 1858 - Jenő Hubay, Hungarian violinist (d. 1937)

★ 1860 - Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya, Indian engineer (d. 1962)

★ 1863 - Horatio Parker, American composer (d. 1919)

★ 1867 - Vladimir May-Mayevsky, Russian counter-revolutionary (d. 1920)

★ 1876 - Bruno Walter, German conductor (d. 1962)

★ 1876 - Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay, Indian novelist (d. 1938)

★ 1877 - Jakob Ehrlich, Austrian politician and zionist (d. 1938)

★ 1879 - Joseph Lyons, 10th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1939)

★ 1881 - Ettore Bugatti, Italian automobile engineer and designer (d. 1947)

★ 1883 - Esteban Terradas i Illa, Catalan mathematician and engineer (d. 1950)

★ 1887 - Carlos Dávila, former President of Chile (d. 1955)

★ 1888 - Antonio Ascari, Italian racing driver (d. 1925)

★ 1889 - Robert Benchley, American author (d. 1945)

★ 1890 - Agatha Christie, English writer (d. 1976)

★ 1890 - Frank Martin, Swiss composer (d. 1974)

★ 1892 - Silpa Bhirasri, Italian sculptor (d. 1962)

★ 1894 - Jean Renoir, French film director (d. 1979)

★ 1894 - Oskar Klein, Swedish physicist (d. 1977)

★ 1895 - Magda Lupescu, consort of King Carol II of Romania (d. 1977)

★ 1898 - J. Slauerhoff, Dutch poet and novelist (d. 1936)

★ 1901 - Sir Donald Bailey, British engineer (d. 1985)

★ 1903 - Roy Acuff, American musician (d. 1992)

★ 1904 - King Umberto II of Italy (d. 1983)

★ 1906 - Jacques Becker, French screenwriter and director (d. 1960)

★ 1907 - Fay Wray, Canadian-born American actress (d. 2004)

★ 1908 - Penny Singleton, American actress (d. 2003)

★ 1909 - C.N.Annadurai, Former Chief Minnister of Tamilnadu

★ 1911 - Karsten Solheim, Norwegian-born American golf entrepreneur (d. 2000)

★ 1913 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General and Watergate figure (d. 1988)

★ 1914 - Creighton Abrams, American Army general (d. 1974)

★ 1914 - Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentine writer (d. 1999)

★ 1915 - Albert Whitlock, English motion picture matte artist (d. 1999)

★ 1916 - Margaret Lockwood, British actress (d. 1990)

★ 1918 - Nipsey Russell, American comedian (d. 2005)

★ 1919 - Fausto Coppi, Italian racing cyclist (d. 1960)

★ 1919 - Nelson Gidding, American screenwriter (d. 2004)

★ 1921 - Norma MacMillan, Canadian actress (d. 2001)

★ 1922 - Jackie Cooper, American actor and director

★ 1922 - Bob Anderson (fencer), English sword-master

★ 1923 - Anton Heiller, Austrian organist (d. 1979)

★ 1924 - Bobby Short, American musician (d. 2005)

★ 1926 - Jean-Pierre Serre, French mathematician

★ 1926 - Shohei Imamura, Japanese film director (d. 2006)

★ 1928 - Cannonball Adderley, American saxophonist and bandleader (d. 1975)

★ 1929 - Eva Burrows, the 13th General of The Salvation Army

★ 1929 - Murray Gell-Mann, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

★ 1933 - Henry Darrow, American actor

★ 1933 - Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, Spanish conductor

★ 1934 - Fred Nile, Australian politician

★ 1937 - Robert Lucas, Jr., American economist, Nobel Prize laureate

★ 1937 - Fernando de la Rúa, 51st President of Argentina

★ 1938 - Gaylord Perry, baseball player

★ 1940 - Merlin Olsen, American football player and actor

★ 1941 - Flórián Albert, Hungarian footballer

★ 1941 - Signe Toly Anderson, American singer

★ 1941 - Mirosław Hermaszewski, First Polish Cosmonaut in Space

★ 1941 - Yuri Norstein, award-winning Russian animator

★ 1945 - Jessye Norman, American opera singer

★ 1945 - Ron Shelton, American film director

★ 1946 - Tommy Lee Jones, American actor

★ 1946 - Oliver Stone, American film director

★ 1948 - Suzyn Waldman, American Sportscaster

★ 1949 - Joe Barton, American politician

★ 1951 - Johan Neeskens, Dutch football player

★ 1951 - Pete Carroll, American football coach

★ 1954 - Hrant Dink, Turkish-Armenian newspaper editor (d. 2007)

★ 1955 - Theodore Long, American professional wrestling executive

★ 1955 - Željka Antunović, Croatian politician

★ 1956 - Maggie Reilly, Scottish folk singer

★ 1958 - Joel Quenneville, National Hockey League player

★ 1958 - Wendie Jo Sperber, American actress (d. 2005)

★ 1961 - Dan Marino, American football player

★ 1961 - Terry Lamb, Australian rugby league player

★ 1968 - Danny Nucci, American actor

★ 1969 - Jim Curtiss, American writer

★ 1971 - Nathan Astle, New Zealand cricket player

★ 1972 - Princess Letizia of Spain

★ 1972 - Jimmy Carr, British comedian

★ 1972 - Kit Chan, Singaporean singer

★ 1973 - Julie Cox, English actress

★ 1975 - Jamie Stevens, German singer

★ 1976 - Paul Thomson, Scottish drummer (Franz Ferdinand)

★ 1976 - Matt Thornton, American baseball player

★ 1977 - Sophie Dahl, British model

★ 1977 - Jason Terry, American basketball player

★ 1978 - Eiður Guðjohnsen, Icelandic footballer

★ 1979 - Amy Davidson, American actress

★ 1979 - Patrick Marleau, Canadian Hockey Player

★ 1980 - Jolin Tsai, Taiwanese pop singer

★ 1980 - David Diehl, American football player

★ 1980 - Mike Dunleavy, Jr., American basketball player

★ 1984 - Prince Henry of Wales

★ 1986 - Heidi Montag, American reality television star

★ 1987 - Vova Galchenko, Russian juggler

Deaths

★ 866 - Robert the Strong, Margrave of Neustria

★ 1231 - Louis I, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1173)

★ 1352 - Ewostatewos, Ethiopian monk and religious leader (b. 1273)

★ 1500 - John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury

★ 1596 - Leonhard Rauwolf, German physician and botanist (b. 1535 or 1540)

★ 1613 - Thomas Overbury, English writer (b. 1581)

★ 1643 - Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (b. 1566)

★ 1649 - John Floyd, English Jesuit preacher (b. 1572)

★ 1700 - André Le Nôtre, French landscape architect (b. 1613)

★ 1701 - Edmé Boursault, French writer (b. 1638)

★ 1707 - George Stepney, English poet and diplomat (b. 1663)

★ 1712 - Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin, English politician

★ 1750 - Charles Theodore Pachelbel, German composer (b. 1690)

★ 1794 - Abraham Clark, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1725)

★ 1803 - Gian Francesco Albani, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1719)

★ 1830 - William Huskisson, first rail fatality (b. 1770)

★ 1835 - Sarah Knox Taylor, wife of Jefferson Davis (b. 1814)

★ 1842 - Pierre Baillot, French violinist and composer (b. 1771)

★ 1859 - Isambard Kingdom Brunel, British engineer (b. 1806)

★ 1864 - John Hanning Speke, British explorer (b. 1827)

★ 1883 - Joseph Plateau, Belgian physicist (b. 1801)

★ 1885 - Jumbo, P. T. Barnum's circus elephant (hit by a train)

★ 1893 - Thomas Hawksley, English civil engineer (b. 1807)

★ 1921 - Roman Ungern von Sternberg, Russian counter-revolutionary (b. 1886)

★ 1926 - Rudolf Christoph Eucken, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1846)

★ 1930 - Milton Sills, American actor (b. 1882)

★ 1945 - André Tardieu, Prime Minister of France (b. 1876)

★ 1945 - Anton Webern, Austrian composer (b. 1883)

★ 1965 - Steve Brown, American musician (b. 1890)

★ 1972 - Geoffrey Fisher, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1887)

★ 1973 - Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden (b. 1882)

★ 1973 - Victor Jara, Chilean musician (b. 1941)

★ 1978 - Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer (b. 1898)

★ 1978 - Robert Cliche, French Canadian politician and judge (b. 1921)

★ 1980 - Bill Evans, American jazz pianist (b. 1929)

★ 1985 - Cootie Williams, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1910)

★ 1987 - Steven Tuomi, murder victim of Jeffery Dahmer (b. 1963)

★ 1989 - Robert Penn Warren, American writer (b. 1905)

★ 1991 - John Hoyt, American actor (b. 1904)

★ 1993 - Ethan Allen, baseball player (b. 1903)

★ 1995 - Harry Calder, South African cricketer (b. 1901)

★ 2000 - Vincent Canby, American movie critic (b. 1924)

★ 2003 - Jack Brymer, English clarinetist (b. 1915)

★ 2003 - Josef Hirsal, Czech novelist (b. 1920)

★ 2004 - Johnny Ramone, American guitarist (The Ramones) (prostate cancer) (b. 1948)

★ 2004 - Walter Stewart, Canadian journalist (b. 1931)

★ 2005 - Sidney Luft, American movie director (b. 1915)

★ 2006 - Raymond Baxter, British television presenter (b. 1922)

★ 2006 - Oriana Fallaci, Italian journalist and writer (b. 1929)

★ 2006 - Pablo Santos, Mexican actor (b. 1987)

★ 2006 - Rob Levin, Freenode IRC Network Founder (b. 1955)

Holidays and observances

★ In Slovakia - Holy day of the Seven sorrows of Virgin Mary.

★ In ancient Greece, the second day of the Eleusinian Mysteries, when the priests of Demeter declared the public start of the rites.

★ Catholic Calendar of Saints - Feast day of Our Lady of Sorrows.

★ Also see September 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).

★ The United Kingdom - the British commemorate the Battle of Britain on the day of the last massive Luftwaffe attack in 1940.

★ Japan - Respect for the Aged Day before 2003; beginning in 2003, Respect for the Aged Day is held on the third Monday of September.

★ Bulgaria - The first day of each school year.

★ Thailand - Silpa Bhirasri Day.

★ In India Engineer's Day celebrated on birthday of Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya.

★ Slovenia - Restoration of Primorska to the Motherland Day

External links

★ BBC: On This Day

★

★ On This Day in Canada
----