1275

'Years:' 1272 1273 1274 - 1275 - 1276 1277 1278

'Decades:' 1240s 1250s 1260s - '1270s' - 1280s 1290s 1300s

'Centuries:' 12th century - '13th century' - 14th century

Contents

Events

Europe

War and politics

Culture, religion, and science

Asia

Eras and population estimates

Births

Deaths

In fiction

Events

Europe

War and politics

★ April 22 - The first of the Statutes of Westminster are passed by the English parliament, establishing a series of laws in its 51 clauses, including equal treatment of rich and poor, free and fair elections, and definition of bailable and non-bailable offenses.

★ Eleanor de Montfort is captured by pirates in the employ of Edward I of England to prevent her marriage to Llywelyn the Last, prince of Wales; she is used as a bargaining chip over the coming years in Edward's attempts to subjugate Llywelyn and Wales.

★ Scottish forces defeat the Manx of the Isle of Man in a decisive battle, firmly establishing Scottish rule of the island.

★ Third mongol Golden Horde raid against Lithuania.

Culture, religion, and science

★ Jean de Meun completes the French allegorical work of fiction, ''Roman de la Rose'', with a second section; the first section was written by Guillaume de Lorris in 1230.

★ The verge escapement, a simple type of escapement used in clocks, is invented (exact year unknown).

★ Ramon Llull establishes a school in Majorca to teach Arabic to preachers in an attempt to aid proselytizing to Moors. He also discovers diethyl ether.

★ The first main survey of the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow up to the Domesday Book completed in 1086, is finished; it began in 1274.

Asia

★ Invading Mongol forces capture the Chinese city of Suzhou.

★ Marco Polo purportedly visits Xanadu, Kublai Khan's summer capital of the Mongol Empire.

★ The city of Kunming is made capital of the Yunnan province of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.

★ Nestorian monk Rabban Bar Sauma begin his pilgrimage from China towards Jerusalem

★ Chinese astronomers observe a total eclipse of the Sun in China on March 4.

Eras and population estimates

★ The era of the ''tosafot'', Medieval commentators on the Talmud, ends (began 1100).

★ The population of Bushmen in Basutoland (modern-day Lesotho) is estimated at 125,000.

★ The Japanese era Bun'ei ends, and the Kenji era begins.

Births

★ September 27 - John II, Duke of Brabant (died 1312)

★ William of Alnwick, Franciscan theologian (approximate date; died 1333)

★ Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord Badlesmere (died 1322)

★ Walter V of Brienne, Duke of Athens (approximate date; died 1311)

★ Edward Bruce, Scottish nobleman (approximate date; died 1318)

★ Dnyaneshwar, Hindu saint and poet (died 1296)

★ Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania (approximate date; died 1341)

★ Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (approximate date; died 1313)

★ Mondino de Liuzzi, Italian physician and anatomist (died 1326)

★ John Menteith, Scottish nobleman (approximate date; died 1323)

★ Giovanni Villani, Florentine writer (approximate date; died 1348)

★ Giovanni d'Andrea, Italian jurist

Deaths

★ April 13 - Eleanor of England (born 1215)

★ September 24 - Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, Constable of England (born 1208)

★ Bohemund VI of Antioch (born 1237)

★ Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile, Crown Prince of Castile

In fiction

★ The fictional Balkan country of Syldavia, appearing in several of Hergé's Tintin stories, drive away the occupying power of (also fictional) Borduria.