1193

Contents

Events

Births

Deaths

Heads of states

Events

★ Saladin dies, and the lands of the Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria are split among his descendants.

★ Qutb-ud-Din, a Ghurid slave commander, captures Delhi.

★ Muhammad Khilji, a general under the command of Qutb-ud-Din sacks and burns Nalanda, India's greatest Buddhist university.

★ Philip II of France marries Ingeborg, daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark.

★ Pope Celestine III called for a crusade against pagans in Northern Europe.

★ The Aztec civilization began in Mexico

Births

★ William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby (d. 1254)

★ Albertus Magnus, German philosopher and theologian (d. 1280)

★ John III Ducas Vatatzes, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1254)

Deaths

★ March 4 — Saladin, Sultan of the Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria (b. c. 1138)

★ Balian of Ibelin, noble of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (b. early 1140s)

★ Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Gyalwa Karmapa (b. 1110)

★ Minamoto no Noriyori, Japanese general (b. 1156)

★ Emperor Renzong of Western Xia, 5th emperor of the Western Xia dynasty (b. 1124)

★ Fan Chengda, Chinese poet

Heads of states

★ England — Richard I King of England (reigned 1189–1199)

★ France — Philippe II, Auguste King of France (reigned 1180–1223)

★ Byzantine Empire — Isaac II Angelus (reigned 1185 to 1195, and 1203–1204)

★ Pope — Celestine III (Pope 1191–1198)

★ China — Emperor Guangzong of Song (reigned 1189-1194)