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Contents

Events

Births

Deaths

Events

★ June 19 — The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle changes the tide of the civil wars.

★ Third Council of the Lateran condemned Waldensians and Cathars as heretics, institutes a reformation of clerical life, and creates the first "ghettos" for Jews.

★ Afonso I is recognized as the true King of Portugal by Pope Alexander III, bringing Portugal the protection of the Catholic Church against the Castilian monarchy.

★ Philip II is crowned King of France.

★ Aberdeen is chartered by William the Lion.

★ Westminster School founded by the monks of Westminster Abbey (by papal command).

★ Drigung Kagyu school of Kagyu Buddhism founded.

Births

★ John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut (approximate date; d. 1236)

★ Mikhail of Kiev (approximate date; d. 1246)

★ Hermann von Salza, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (approximate date; d. 1239)

★ Shimazu Tadahisa, warlord of the Shimazu clan of Japan (d. 1227)

★ William IV Talvas, Count of Ponthieu (d. 1221)

★ Yaqut al-Hamawi, Arab geographer (d. 1229)

Deaths

★ September 17 — Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess, mystic writer, and composer (b. 1098)

★ Taira no Shigemori, Japanese rebel (b. 1138)