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Contents

Events

Births

Deaths

Events

★ February 2 — Battle of Lincoln. Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester and Empress Matilda wrest control of the English throne, from King Stephen.

★ September 14 — Rout of Winchester. Empress Matilda is forced to return the throne after Robert is captured by loyalist forces.

★ November — Jin Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty signed the Treaty of Shaoxing and peace lasts for the next twenty years.

★ Italian winemaking company Ricasoli is founded.

★ First arrivals of German colonists (the future Transylvanian Saxon community) in Transylvania, following grants by Andrew II of Hungary. The colonization process is completed in 1162.

Births

★ Constance of Castile, Queen of France (d. 1160)

★ Malcolm IV, King of Scotland (approximate date; d. 1165)

★ Nezami, Persian poet (d. 1209)

Deaths

★ February 11 — Hugh of St Victor, Saxon philosopher, theologian and mystic (b. c. 1078)

★ June 10 — Richenza of Northeim, German empress (b. c. 1087/89)

★ October 18 — Margrave Leopold IV of Austria (b. c. 1108)

★ Alberich of Reims, Archbishop of Bourges (b. 1085)

★ Yehuda Halevi, poet and philosopher (b. c.1075)

★ Aubrey de Vere, Lord Great Chamberlain of England (b. 1062)