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Contents

Events

By Place

Europe

Asia

By Topic

Religion

Births

Deaths

Events

By Place

Europe

★ February 14 — Pope Benedict VIII recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany

★ July 29 — Battle of Kleidion: Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock, and earns Basil II the title 'Voulgaroktonos' (Bulgar-slayer).

★ Henry II of Germany crowned Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Benedict VIII (ruled since 1003)

★ Following the death of Sweyn I, Ethelred II returns to England and retakes the English crown. Canute the Great returns to Denmark

★ Battle of Clontarf; Gaelic Irish forces under Brian Boru defeat several allied Viking forces in Ireland, ending their power there but killing Brian in the process

★ Holmgang declared illegal in Norway

Asia

★ Avicenna arrives at the court of Amir Majd al-Dawla at Jabal

★ In Kashmir, Abhinavagupta, the teacher of the poet Ksemendra, circulates his Greater commentary on the ''Pratyabhijna Darshana''.

★ Hammad ibn Buluggin recognises the Abbasid Caliphate, beginning the split of the Hammadids from the Zirids.

By Topic

Religion

★ The Nicene-Constantinopolitan Symbol of the Faith is used for the first time during the Roman Mass after Henry II, the newly crowned Holy Roman Emperor, asked the Pope to add it together with the filioque clause. Prior to this date, the Creed was not used at all during the liturgy.

★ In England archbishop Wulfstan preaches his Latin homily, "Wulf's Address to the English"

Births

★ Princess Constance of France, daughter of Robert II the Pious

Deaths

★ February 3 — Sweyn I Haraldsson Forkbeard, king of Denmark

★ April 23 — Brian Boru, high king of Ireland

★ October 6 — Samuil of Bulgaria, Tsar of Bulgaria

★ Sigurd the Stout, Viking earl in the Orkneys

★ Sri Raja Raja I, All time greatest emperor of India and great temple builder of the Chola dynasty