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'Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel' (January 7, 1871 – February 3, 1956) was a French mathematician and politician.
Borel was born in Saint-Affrique, France. Along with René-Louis Baire and Henri Lebesgue, he was among the pioneers of measure theory and its application to probability theory. The concept of a Borel set is named in his honor. One of his books on probability introduced the amusing thought experiment that entered popular culture under the name infinite monkey theorem or the like. He also published a number of research papers on game theory.
In 1913 and 1914 he bridged the gap between hyperbolic geometry and special relativity with expository work.
In the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s he was active in politics. From 1924 to 1936, he was a member of the French National Assembly. In 1925, he was
Minister of Marine. During the Second World War he was a member of the French Resistance. He died in Paris.
Besides a crater on the Moon, the following entities are named after him:


★ Borel algebra,

★ Borel's lemma,

★ Borel measure,

★ Borel's paradox,

★ Borel space,

★ Borel-Cantelli lemma,

★ Borel-Carathéodory theorem,

★ Heine-Borel theorem,

★ Borel summation.

★ Centre Émile Borel at the Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris

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★ Émile Borel in the Mathematics Genealogy Project