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'Ælfgar' (died 1062) was son of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, possibly by his well-known wife Godgifu (Godiva), although more probably by an earlier marriage. He succeeded to his father's title and responsibilities on the latter's death in 1057.
Ælfgar gained from the exile of Earl Godwin of Wessex and his sons in 1051. He was given the Earldom of East Anglia, which had been that of Harold, son of Godwin. Earl Godwin and King Edward were reconciled the following year, so Harold was restored to his earldom - but not for long. At Easter 1053 Godwin died, so Harold became Earl of Wessex, and the earldom of East Anglia returned to Ælfgar.^[1]
Ælfgar seems to have learned from the tactics Godwin used to put pressure on King Edward. When he was himself exiled in 1055, he raised a fleet of 18 ships in Ireland and then turned to Wales, where King Gruffydd agreed to join forces with him against King Edward. Two miles from Hereford, on 24 October, they clashed with the army of the Earl of Herefordshire, Ralph the Timid. The Earl and his men eventually took flight, and Gruyffdd and Ælfgar pursued them, killing and wounding as they went, and enacting savage reprisals on Hereford. They despoiled and burnt the town, killing many of its citizens. King Edward ordered an army mustered and put Earl Harold in charge of it. This was more formidable opposition, and Ælfgar and Gruyffdd fled to South Wales. However the issue was resolved by diplomacy and Earl Ælfgar was reinstated.^[2]
Ælfgar was succeeded as Earl of Mercia by his eldest son, Edwin. His second son, Morcar was elected Earl of Northumbria when Tostig Godwinson was ejected by the Northumbrians.
His daughter, Ealdgyth married firstly the Welsh prince Gruffyd (kd. 1063), and secondly 1066 Harold Godwinson (kd 1066 Hastings). She had issue by each husband.

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Notes

1. ''The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle''.
2. ''The Chronicle of John of Worcester'' ed. and trans. R.R. Darlington, P. McGurk and J. Bray (Clarendon Press: Oxford 1995), pp.576-79; ''The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle''.